Climate change is one of the most urgent and complex challenges of our time, rooted in an economic, industrial and social model based on the intensive use of fossil fuels. This model is generating significant impacts that are already visible in the present and that, without a profound transformation, will critically compromise the well-being of future generations and the health and resilience of natural systems.

Mitigation is a priority to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy generation and consumption, industrial production, mobility and resource and waste management, among other areas. At the same time, the seriousness of the situation has prompted the deployment of adaptation actions to address the impacts of climate change —increased temperature, extreme weather events, rising sea levels, droughts— and the negative effects that these cause on nature (reduced species survival, changes in geographical distribution, mortality, etc.) and on the socioeconomic system (increased vulnerability and poverty, impacts on health, decreased agricultural production, reduced labor productivity, damage to infrastructure, increased energy costs, etc.).

In this context, it is essential to move towards a profound economic and energy transition, based on the decarbonization of productive sectors and on more efficient and circular models. Within this set of strategies, nature-based solutions (NBS) constitute a complementary approach that can strengthen both mitigation and adaptation. By restoring ecosystems, renaturalizing urban spaces or creating green and blue infrastructure, SbN contribute to reducing emissions, improving resilience and generating environmental and social benefits. These actions are integrated with more traditional engineering measures and with other instruments such as territorial planning, regulation, risk management or early warning systems, configuring a more complete and efficient response to the impacts of climate change.

At ENT we offer:

• Analysis of the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, both at a sectoral level and in relation to human well-being, including the quantification of losses in employment and economic performance, damage to infrastructure and alterations in well-being.
• Socioeconomic evaluation of mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures, including the adoption of nature-based solutions and ecological restoration.
• Studies to support the development of climate strategies and policies at the local, regional and national level.
• Calculation and analysis of energy consumption, resources and emissions, aimed at designing solutions for better waste management, material circularity and energy transition.
• Analysis of economic instruments, including environmental taxation aimed at promoting energy efficiency, self-consumption and renewable energies and reducing emissions in key sectors (transport, energy, industry, waste, etc.) or the development of green purchasing criteria and guides that reinforce climate change mitigation policies.

Our work is applied in different territorial areas (rural, urban, forestry, coastal marine) and in diverse economic sectors such as tourism, fishing and aquaculture, agriculture, energy, waste management or forestry. To address this diversity of contexts, we use quantitative methodologies such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, input-output models, environmental valuation methods, econometric analysis, ecosystem services assessment and carbon footprint analysis. These tools are combined with qualitative and participatory social research that allows us to analyze perceptions, experiences, vulnerabilities and other key social dimensions in relation to the impacts of climate change.